\def\al{ ${}^<_\sim$ }
\def\ag{ ${}^>_\sim$ }
\def\dt{$\bullet$}
\def\vs{\vskip 0.3 cm}
\def\hs{\hskip 1.5 true cm}
\def\ldfill{\null\nobreak\leaders\hrule\hskip10pt plus1filll\ \par}
\font\smit=cmti7
\font\srm=cmr7
% \font\cal=amsy10   not loadable at KPNO
\def\subsec#1{\vfill\centerline{#1}\nobreak}
\def\bigsec#1{\vfill\eject\vfill\centerline{#1}\medskip}
\def\si#1{{}_{\hbox{\smit #1\/}}}
\def\sr#1{{}_{\hbox{\sevenrm #1\/}}}
\def\x{$\times$}
\def\mass{{\hbox{\cal M}}}
\def\hi{\noindent \hangindent=20 pt}
\def\etal{{\it et~al.}}
\def\ie{{\it i.e.}}
\def\eg{{\it e.g.}}
\def\cf{{\it cf.}}
\def\rnum#1{{\uppercase\expandafter{\romannumeral#1}}}
\def\ni{\noindent}
\def\Item{\item {$\bullet$}}
\def\kms{~km\thinspace s$^{-1}$}
\def\cl{\centerline}
\def\ol{\overline}
\def\ul#1{$\underline{\hbox {#1}}$}
\def\Mag{${}^{\rm m}$\llap{.}}
\def\Deg{${}^\circ$\llap{.}}
\def\Min{${}^{\prime}$\llap{.}}
\def\Sec{${}^{\prime\prime}$\llap{.}}
\def\deg{${}^\circ$}
\def\min{${}^{\prime}$}
\def\sec{${}^{\prime\prime}$}
\def\perpixel{pixel${}^{-1}$}
\def\today{\number\year\space \ifcase\month\or
  January\or February\or March\or April\or May\or June\or
  July\or August\or September\or October\or November\or December\fi
  \space\number\day}
\def\now{\number\year\space \ifcase\month\or
  January\or February\or March\or April\or May\or June\or
  July\or August\or September\or October\or November\or December\fi
  \space\number\day .\number\time}
\def\tworule{\noalign{\medskip\hrule\smallskip\hrule\medskip}}
\def\onerule{\noalign{\medskip\hrule\medskip}}
%
\setbox0=\hbox{\sevenrm Table 99}
\def\margdepth{\dp0}
\def\margin#1{#1\strut\vadjust{\kern-\margdepth{\vtop to \margdepth{
     \baselineskip\margdepth\vss\llap{\sevenrm #1\ \ \ \ }\null}}}}


%References. Journal names are set up as macros with volume as argument
\def\beginrefs{\begingroup\parindent=0pt\frenchspacing
   \parskip=1pt plus 1pt minus 1pt\interlinepenalty=1000\pretolerance=10000
   \hyphenpenalty=10000\everypar={\hangindent=0.42in}
  \def\aa##1{{\it Astr.~Ap., \bf ##1}}
  \def\aas##1{{\it Astr.~Ap.~Suppl., \bf ##1}}
  \def\aasup##1{{\it Astr.~Ap.~Suppl., \bf ##1}}
  \def\aasupp##1{{\it Astr.~Ap.~Suppl., \bf ##1}}
  \def\aj##1{{\it A.~J., \bf ##1}}
  \def\annrev##1{{\it Ann.~Rev.\ Astr.~Ap., \bf ##1}}
  \def\apj##1{{\it Ap.~J., \bf ##1}}
  \def\apjl##1{{\it Ap.~J. (Letters), \bf ##1}}
  \def\apjlett##1{{\it Ap.~J. (Letters), \bf ##1}}
  \def\apjs##1{{\it Ap.~J.~Suppl., \bf ##1}}
  \def\apjsup##1{{\it Ap.~J.~Suppl., \bf ##1}}
  \def\apjsupp##1{{\it Ap.~J.~Suppl., \bf ##1}}
  \def\baas##1{{\it Bull.~A.A.S., \bf ##1}}
  \def\ban##1{{\it B.A.N., \bf ##1}}
  \def\ibvs##1{{\it Inf. Bull. Var. Stars}, No.~##1}
  \def\mn##1{{\it M.N.R.A.S., \bf ##1}}
  \def\mnras##1{{\it M.N.R.A.S., \bf ##1}}
  \def\pasp##1{{\it Pub.~A.S.P., \bf ##1}}}
\def\beginiaurefs{\begingroup\parindent=0pt\frenchspacing
   \parskip=1pt plus 1pt minus 1pt\interlinepenalty=1000\pretolerance=10000
   \hyphenpenalty=10000\everypar={\hangindent=0.42in}
   \def\smb{\smallskip\filbreak} %modified \smallbreak
  \def\aa##1{{\it Astron. Astrophys., \bf ##1}}
  \def\aasup##1{{\it Astron.~Astrophys. Suppl., \bf ##1}}
  \def\aj##1{{\it Astron.~J., \bf ##1}}
  \def\annrev##1{{\it Ann.~Rev.\ Astron.~Astrophys., \bf ##1}}
  \def\apj##1{{\it Astrophys.~J., \bf ##1}}
  \def\apjl##1{{\it Astrophys.~J. (Letters), \bf ##1}}
  \def\apjlett##1{{\it Astrophys.~J. (Letters), \bf ##1}}
  \def\apjsup##1{{\it Astrophys.~J. Suppl., \bf ##1}}
  \def\apjsupp##1{{\it Astrophys.~J. Suppl., \bf ##1}}
  \def\baas##1{{\it Bull.~A.A.S., \bf ##1}}
  \def\ban##1{{\it Bull. Astr. Inst. Netherlands, \bf ##1}}
  \def\ibvs##1{{\it Inf. Bull. Var. Stars}, No.~##1}
  \def\mn##1{{\it Monthly Notices Roy. Astron. Soc., \bf ##1}}
  \def\mnras##1{{\it Monthly Notices Roy. Astron. Soc., \bf ##1}}
  \def\pasp##1{{\it Publ. Astron. Soc. Pacific, \bf ##1}}}
\def\endrefs{\endgroup}

%Figure captions
\def\begincaptions{\begingroup\parindent=0pt
   \parskip=2pt plus 1pt minus 1pt\interlinepenalty=1000\tolerance=400
   \everypar={\hangindent=0.42in}}
\def\endcaptions{\endgroup}

%some stuff for Tables
\def\bigstrut{\hbox{\vrule height 1.2em depth 0.6em width 0pt}}
\def\tablestrut{\hbox{\vrule height 1.0em depth 0.3em width 0pt}}
\def\medstrut{\hbox{\vrule height 0.75em depth 0.38em width 0pt}}
\def\singlestrut{\hbox{\vrule height 0.8em depth 0.2em width 0pt}}
\def\Smallstrut{\hbox{\vrule height 0.55em depth 0.25em width 0pt}}
\def\smallstrut{\hbox{\vrule height 0.3em depth 0em width 0pt}}
\def\hrul{\hrule height0.8pt}
\def\vrul{\vrule width0.8pt}

%verbatim mode (from TeXbook, p. 421)
%usage is:  \begintt
%              stuff you want to appear verbatim
%           \endtt
\outer\def\begindisplay{\obeylines\startdisplay}
{\obeylines\gdef\startdisplay#1
  {\catcode`\^^M=5$$#1\halign\bgroup\indent##\hfil&&\qquad##\hfil\cr}}
\outer\def\enddisplay{\crcr\egroup$$}

\chardef\other=12
\def\ttverbatim{\begingroup \catcode`\\=\other \catcode`\{=\other
  \catcode`\}=\other \catcode`\$=\other \catcode`\&=\other
  \catcode`\#=\other \catcode`\%=\other \catcode`\~=\other
  \catcode`\_=\other \catcode`\^=\other
  \obeyspaces \obeylines \tt}
{\obeyspaces\gdef {\ }} % \obeyspaces now gives \ , not \space

\outer\def\begintt{$$\let\par=\endgraf \ttverbatim \parskip=0pt
  \catcode`\|=0 \rightskip=-5pc \ttfinish}
{\catcode`\|=0 \catcode`|\=\other % |   is temporary escape character
  |obeylines % end of line is active
  |gdef|ttfinish#1^^M#2\endtt{#1|vbox{#2}|endgroup$$}}

\catcode`\|=\active
{\obeylines\gdef|{\ttverbatim\spaceskip=\ttglue\let^^M=\ \let|=\endgroup}}

%font definitions
  \font\twentyfourrm=cmr10 scaled 2488
  \font\twentyfouri=cmmi10 scaled 2074   \font\twentyfoursy=cmsy10 scaled 2074
  \font\twentyrm=cmr10 scaled 2074
  \font\twentyi=cmmi10 scaled 2074   \font\twentysy=cmsy10 scaled 2074
  \font\eighteenrm=cmr10 scaled 1728
  \font\eighteeni=cmmi10 scaled 1728 \font\eighteensy=cmsy10 scaled 1728
  \font\fourteenrm=cmr10 scaled 1440
  \font\fourteeni=cmmi10 scaled 1440 \font\fourteensy=cmsy10 scaled 1440
  \font\twelverm=cmr12
%  \font\twelvebf=cmb10 scaled 1200  %can't load this font (21-jan-88)
  \font\twelvebf=cmbx12
  \font\twelveit=cmti12              \font\twelvesl=cmsl12
  \font\twelvei=cmmi12               \font\twelvesy=cmsy10 scaled 1200
  \font\elevenrm=cmr10 scaled 1095
  \font\elevenbf=cmb10 scaled 1095
  \font\elevenit=cmti10 scaled 1095  \font\elevensl=cmsl10 scaled 1095
  \font\eleveni=cmmi10 scaled 1095   \font\elevensy=cmsy10 scaled 1095
  \font\tenrm=cmr10
  \font\tenbf=cmb10
  \font\tenit=cmti10                 \font\tensl=cmsl10
  \font\teni=cmmi10  \font\tensy=cmsy10
  \font\ninerm=cmr9
  \font\ninebf=cmbx9
  \font\nineit=cmti9                 \font\ninesl=cmsl9
  \font\ninei=cmmi9                  \font\ninesy=cmsy9
  \font\eightrm=cmr8
  \font\seveni=cmmi7 \font\sevensy=cmsy7

%common stuff used in all of the following styles
\def\commonstuff{
  \parindent=0.42in       %0.42in = 5/12 inch!
  \def\skipline{\vskip\baselineskip}
  \hyphenpenalty=200\pretolerance=300\tolerance=600 %plainTeX uses 50, 100, 200
  \interlinepenalty=100\clubpenalty=500\widowpenalty=500%plainTeX uses 0,150,150
  \nonfrenchspacing\singlespace\rm}

%Twelvepoint style (see TeXbook, pp. 351,414)
\def\twelvepoint{
%  \font\bf=cmb10 scaled 1200  %can't load this font (21-jan-88)
  \font\bf=cmbx12
  \font\it=cmti12
  \font\sl=cmsl12
  \font\tb=cmtt10 scaled 1200 %no way to get bold typewriter in TeX, apparently
%  \font\tb=tb612  %this doesn't work
  \font\tt=cmtt8 scaled 1440
  \textfont0=\twelverm \scriptfont0=\tenrm
    \scriptscriptfont0=\sevenrm                 %text fonts
  \def\rm{\fam0 \twelverm}
  \textfont1=\twelvei  \scriptfont1=\teni
    \scriptscriptfont1=\seveni                  %math italic fonts
  \def\mit{\fam1 } \def\oldstyle{\fam1 \twelvei}
  \textfont2=\twelvesy \scriptfont2=\tensy
    \scriptscriptfont2=\sevensy                 %math symbol fonts
%  \def\cal{\fam2 }
%  \textfont3=\twelveex  \scriptfont3=\twelveex
%    \scriptscriptfont3=\twelveex                %extension fonts
%  \newfam\itfam \def\it{\fam\itfam\twelveit} \textfont\itfam=\twelveit
%  \newfam\slfam \def\sl{\fam\slfam\twelvesl} \textfont\slfam=\twelvesl
%  \newfam\bffam \def\bf{\fam\bffam\twelvebf} \textfont\bffam=\twelvebf
%    \scriptfont\bffam=\tenbf \scriptscriptfont\bffam=\sevenbf
  \def\singlespace{\baselineskip=13.5pt\lineskiplimit=-5pt%0pt
    \lineskip=0pt%-0.5mm       %this suppresses extra spacing before lines with
                           % superscripts, Angstroms, etc., that are added
                           % when \baselineskip=12pt is used. On 24-JUN-84 I
                           % switched to \baselineskip=13.5pt,
                           % and on 03-JUL-84 to \lineskip=0pt and
                           % \lineskiplimit=-5pt on advice of Mike Prozinsky
    \parskip=1.25pt plus 1.5pt minus 0.25pt}  %it is zero plus 1pt in plain.tex
  \def\oneandahalfspace{\baselineskip=18pt\parskip=0pt plus 1pt}
  \def\doublespace{\baselineskip=24pt\parskip=0pt plus 0.5pt}
  \footline={\ifnum\pageno=1 \hfil
             \else\hss\twelverm-- \folio\ --\hss\fi} %page 1 has no page
                                                    %number, following pages do
  \def\pagenumbers{\footline={\hss\twelverm-- \folio\ --\hss}}  %turns on pagenu
mbering
  \def\romanpagenumbers{\footline={\hss\twelverm-- \romannumeral\folio\ --\hss}}
  \commonstuff}

%Tenpoint style
\def\tenpoint{
  \font\it=cmti10
  \font\sl=cmsl10
  \font\bf=cmb10
  \textfont0=\tenrm \scriptfont0=\sevenrm
    \scriptscriptfont0=\fiverm                 %text fonts
  \def\rm{\fam0 \tenrm}
  \textfont1=\teni  \scriptfont1=\seveni
    \scriptscriptfont1=\fivei                  %math italic fonts
  \def\mit{\fam1 } \def\oldstyle{\fam1 \teni}
  \textfont2=\tensy \scriptfont2=\sevensy
    \scriptscriptfont2=\fivesy                 %math symbol fonts
  \def\singlespace{\baselineskip=12pt\lineskiplimit=0pt
    \lineskip=-0.5mm       %this suppresses extra spacing before lines with
                           % superscripts, Angstroms, etc.
    \parskip=2pt plus 1pt minus 1pt}  %it is zero plus 1pt in plain.tex
  \footline={\ifnum\pageno=1 \hfil
             \else\hss\tenrm-- \folio\ --\hss\fi} %page 1 has no page
                                                  %number, following pages do
  \def\oneandahalfspace{\baselineskip=18pt\parskip=0pt plus 1pt}
  \def\doublespace{\baselineskip=24pt\parskip=0pt plus 1 pt}
  \def\pagenumbers{\footline={\hss\tenrm-- \folio\ --\hss}}  %turns on pagenumbe
ring
  \def\romanpagenumbers{\footline={\hss\tenrm-- \romannumeral\folio\ --\hss}}
  \commonstuff}

%Elevenpoint style (used for Newsletter)
\def\elevenpoint{
  \font\it=cmti10 scaled 1095
  \font\sl=cmsl10 scaled 1095
  \font\bf=cmb10 scaled 1095
  \font\tt=cmtt10 scaled 1095
  \textfont0=\elevenrm \scriptfont0=\tenrm
    \scriptscriptfont0=\ninerm                 %text fonts
  \def\rm{\fam0 \elevenrm}
  \textfont1=\eleveni  \scriptfont1=\teni
    \scriptscriptfont1=\ninei                  %math italic fonts
  \def\mit{\fam1 } \def\oldstyle{\fam1 \eleveni}
  \textfont2=\elevensy \scriptfont2=\tensy
    \scriptscriptfont2=\ninesy                 %math symbol fonts
  \def\singlespace{\baselineskip=13pt\lineskiplimit=-5pt
    \lineskip=0mm       %this suppresses extra spacing before lines with
                           % superscripts, Angstroms, etc.
    \parskip=2pt plus 1pt minus 1pt}  %it is zero plus 1pt in plain.tex
  \footline={\ifnum\pageno=1 \hfil
             \else\hss\elevenrm-- \folio\ --\hss\fi} %page 1 has no page
                                                  %number, following pages do
  \def\oneandahalfspace{\baselineskip=19pt\parskip=0pt plus 1pt}
  \def\doublespace{\baselineskip=26pt\parskip=0pt plus 1 pt}
  \def\pagenumbers{\footline={\hss\elevenrm-- \folio\ --\hss}}  %turns on pagenu
mbering
  \def\romanpagenumbers{\footline={\hss\tenrm-- \romannumeral\folio\ --\hss}}
  \commonstuff}

%eighteen-point style
\def\eighteenpoint{           %%%%%well...actually 17.28 point
  \font\bf=cmb10 scaled 1728
  \font\it=cmti10 scaled 1728
  \font\sl=cmsl10 scaled 1728
  \font\tb=cmtt10 scaled 1728
  \font\tt=cmtt10 scaled 1728
  \textfont0=\eighteenrm \scriptfont0=\fourteenrm
    \scriptscriptfont0=\twelverm                 %text fonts
  \def\rm{\fam0 \eighteenrm}
  \textfont1=\eighteeni  \scriptfont1=\fourteeni
    \scriptscriptfont1=\twelvei                  %math italic fonts
  \def\mit{\fam1 } \def\oldstyle{\fam1 \eighteeni}
  \textfont2=\eighteensy \scriptfont2=\fourteensy
    \scriptscriptfont2=\twelvesy                 %math symbol fonts
  \def\singlespace{\baselineskip=21pt\lineskiplimit=-5pt
    \lineskip=0pt
    \parskip=4pt plus 1pt minus 1pt}  %it is zero plus 1pt in plain.tex
  \def\oneandahalfspace{\baselineskip=30pt\parskip=0pt plus 1pt}
  \def\doublespace{\baselineskip=40pt\parskip=0pt plus 1pt}
  \footline={\ifnum\pageno=1 \hfil
             \else\hss\eighteenrm-- \folio\ --\hss\fi} %page 1 has no page
                                                    %number, following pages do
  \def\pagenumbers{\footline={\hss\eighteenrm-- \folio\ --\hss}}  %turns on page
numbering
  \commonstuff}

%Twenty-point style
\def\twentypoint{
  \font\bf=cmb10 scaled 2074
  \font\it=cmti10 scaled 2074
  \font\sl=cmsl10 scaled 2074
  \font\tb=cmtt10 scaled 2074
  \font\tt=cmtt10 scaled 2074
  \textfont0=\twentyrm \scriptfont0=\eighteenrm
    \scriptscriptfont0=\fourteenrm                 %text fonts
  \def\rm{\fam0 \twentyrm}
  \textfont1=\twentyi  \scriptfont1=\eighteeni
    \scriptscriptfont1=\fourteeni                  %math italic fonts
  \def\mit{\fam1 } \def\oldstyle{\fam1 \twentyi}
  \textfont2=\twentysy \scriptfont2=\eighteensy
    \scriptscriptfont2=\fourteensy                 %math symbol fonts
  \def\singlespace{\baselineskip=24pt\lineskiplimit=-5pt%0pt
    \lineskip=0pt%-0.5mm       %this suppresses extra spacing before lines with
                           % superscripts, Angstroms, etc., that are added
                           % when \baselineskip=12pt is used. On 24-JUN-84 I
                           % switched to \baselineskip=13.5pt,
                           % and on 03-JUL-84 to \lineskip=0pt and
                           % \lineskiplimit=-5pt on advice of Mike Prozinsky
    \parskip=6pt plus 1pt minus 2pt}  %it is zero plus 1pt in plain.tex
  \def\oneandahalfspace{\baselineskip=33pt\parskip=0pt plus 1pt}
  \def\doublespace{\baselineskip=44pt\parskip=0pt plus 0.5pt}
  \footline={\ifnum\pageno=1 \hfil
             \else\hss\twentyrm-- \folio\ --\hss\fi} %page 1 has no page
                                                    %number, following pages do
  \def\pagenumbers{\footline={\hss\twentyrm-- \folio\ --\hss}}  %turns on pagenu
mbering
  \def\romanpagenumbers{\footline={\hss\twentyrm-- \romannumeral\folio\ --\hss}}
  \commonstuff}

%Twentyfour-point style
\def\twentyfourpoint{
  \font\bf=cmb10 scaled 2488
  \font\it=cmti10 scaled 2488
  \font\sl=cmsl10 scaled 2488
  \font\tb=cmtt10 scaled 2488
  \font\tt=cmtt10 scaled 2488
  \textfont0=\twentyfourrm \scriptfont0=\twentyrm
    \scriptscriptfont0=\eighteenrm                 %text fonts
  \def\rm{\fam0 \twentyfourrm}
  \textfont1=\twentyfouri  \scriptfont1=\twentyi
    \scriptscriptfont1=\eighteeni                  %math italic fonts
  \def\mit{\fam1 } \def\oldstyle{\fam1 \twentyfouri}
  \textfont2=\twentyfoursy \scriptfont2=\twentysy
    \scriptscriptfont2=\eighteensy                 %math symbol fonts
  \def\singlespace{\baselineskip=28pt\lineskiplimit=-5pt%0pt
    \lineskip=0pt%-0.5mm       %this suppresses extra spacing before lines with
                           % superscripts, Angstroms, etc., that are added
                           % when \baselineskip=12pt is used. On 24-JUN-84 I
                           % switched to \baselineskip=13.5pt,
                           % and on 03-JUL-84 to \lineskip=0pt and
                           % \lineskiplimit=-5pt on advice of Mike Prozinsky
    \parskip=5pt plus 1.5pt minus 1.5pt}  %it is zero plus 1pt in plain.tex
  \def\oneandahalfspace{\baselineskip=42pt\parskip=0pt plus 1pt}
  \def\doublespace{\baselineskip=56pt\parskip=0pt plus 0.5pt}
  \footline={\ifnum\pageno=1 \hfil
             \else\hss\twentyfourrm-- \folio\ --\hss\fi} %page 1 has no page
                                                    %number, following pages do
  \def\pagenumbers{\footline={\hss\twentyfourrm-- \folio\ --\hss}}  %turns on pa
genumbering
  \def\romanpagenumbers{\footline={\hss\twentyfourrm-- \romannumeral\folio\ --\h
ss}}
  \commonstuff}


